Isiokwu a ga-enyocha isi ngwaahịa na China C3 ụlọ ọrụ yinye na ugbu a nnyocha na mmepe ntụziaka nke nkà na ụzụ.

(1)Ọnọdụ ugbu a na mmepe mmepe nke teknụzụ Polypropylene (PP).

Dị ka nchọpụta anyị si kwuo, e nwere ụzọ dị iche iche isi mepụta polypropylene (PP) na China, n'ime usoro ndị kachasị mkpa gụnyere usoro ikpo ọkụ gburugburu ebe obibi, usoro Unipol nke Daoju Company, Spheriol usoro nke LyondellBasell Company, Innovene usoro nke Ineos Company, Novolen usoro. nke Nordic Chemical Company, na usoro Spherizone nke ụlọ ọrụ LyondellBasell.Ụlọ ọrụ ndị China PP na-anabatakwa usoro ndị a.Teknụzụ ndị a na-achịkwakarị ngbanwe nke propylene n'ime oke 1.01-1.02.

Usoro ọkpọkọ mgbanaka ụlọ na-anabata ihe nrụpụta ZN nke emepụtara onwe ya, nke teknụzụ usoro ọkpọkọ mgbanaka nke ọgbọ nke abụọ na-achịkwa ugbu a.Usoro a dabere na ihe ndị na-emepụta onwe ha, teknụzụ na-enye onyinye asymmetric electron, yana propylene butadiene ọnụọgụ abụọ random copolymerization technology, ma nwee ike ịmepụta homopolymerization, ethylene propylene random copolymerization, propylene butadiene random copolymerization, na mmetụta na-eguzogide copolymerization PP.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị ka Shanghai Petrochemical Third Line, Zhenhai Refining na Chemical First and Second Lines, na Maoming Second Line etinyela usoro a.Site na mmụba nke mmepụta ihe ọhụrụ n'ọdịnihu, usoro ọkpọkọ gburugburu ebe obibi nke ọgbọ nke atọ ga-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ ghọọ usoro ọkpọkọ gburugburu ebe obibi.

Usoro Unipol nwere ike na-emepụta homopolymers n'ụzọ mmepụta ihe, yana ọnụego mgbaze agbaze (MFR) nke 0.5 ~ 100g / 10min.Na mgbakwunye, ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke ethylene copolymer monomers na copolymers random nwere ike iru 5.5%.Usoro a nwekwara ike ịmepụta copolymer nke ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke propylene na 1-butene (aha ahia CE-FOR), nke nwere obere akụkụ rọba ruru 14%.Ọnụ ọgụgụ dị nta nke ethylene na mmetụta copolymer nke usoro Unipol na-emepụta nwere ike iru 21% (obere akụkụ nke roba bụ 35%).Ejirila usoro a na akụrụngwa nke ụlọ ọrụ dịka Fushun Petrochemical na Sichuan Petrochemical.

Usoro Innovene nwere ike ịmepụta ngwaahịa homopolymer nke nwere oke agbaze agbaze (MFR), nke nwere ike iru 0.5-100g / 10min.Ike ngwaahịa ya dị elu karịa nke usoro polymerization nke gas ndị ọzọ.MFR nke ngwaahịa copolymer random bụ 2-35g/10min, yana obere obere ethylene sitere na 7% ruo 8%.MFR nke ngwaahịa copolymer na-eguzogide mmetụta bụ 1-35g/10min, yana obere akụkụ nke ethylene sitere na 5% ruo 17%.

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, teknụzụ mmepụta ihe bụ isi nke PP na China tozuru oke.Na-ewere mmanụ dabeere polypropylene ụlọ ọrụ dị ka ihe atụ, ọ dịghị ịrịba ọdịiche dị na mmepụta unit oriri, nhazi ụgwọ, uru, wdg n'etiti onye ọ bụla enterprise.Site n'echiche nke mmepụta mmepụta nke usoro dị iche iche kpuchiri, usoro ndị bụ isi nwere ike ikpuchi ụdị ngwaahịa niile.Agbanyeghị, n'ịtụle ụdị mmepụta nke ụlọ ọrụ dị ugbu a, enwere nnukwu ọdịiche dị na ngwaahịa PP n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche n'ihi ihe ndị dị ka ọdịdị ala, ihe mgbochi teknụzụ na akụrụngwa.

(2)Ọnọdụ ugbu a na usoro mmepe nke teknụzụ acrylic acid

Acrylic acid bụ akụrụngwa kemịkalụ organic dị mkpa nke a na-ejikarị emepụta nrapado na mkpuchi mmiri, a na-esikwa ya na butyl acrylate na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ.Dabere na nyocha, enwere usoro mmepụta dị iche iche maka acrylic acid, gụnyere usoro chloroethanol, usoro cyanoethanol, usoro Reppe dị elu, usoro enone, usoro Reppe ka mma, usoro formaldehyde ethanol, usoro acrylonitrile hydrolysis, usoro ethylene, ụzọ propylene oxidation, na usoro ndu. usoro.Ọ bụ ezie na e nwere usoro nkwadebe dị iche iche maka acrylic acid, na ọtụtụ n'ime ha etinyere na ụlọ ọrụ, usoro mmepụta ihe kachasị n'ụwa nile ka bụ kpọmkwem oxidation nke propylene na usoro acrylic acid.

Ngwa ngwa maka imepụta acrylic acid site na propylene oxidation na-agụnyekarị vepo mmiri, ikuku, na propylene.N'oge usoro mmepụta, atọ ndị a na-enweta mmeghachi omume oxidation site na ihe ndina na-akpali akpali n'otu akụkụ.A na-ebu ụzọ mee propylene oxidized ka ọ bụrụ acrolein na reactor nke mbụ, wee mee ka ọ bụrụ acrylic acid na reactor nke abụọ.Uzuoku mmiri na-arụ ọrụ dilution na usoro a, na-ezere ihe mgbawa na-egbochi ọgbọ nke mmeghachi omume n'akụkụ.Otú ọ dị, na mgbakwunye na ịmepụta acrylic acid, usoro mmeghachi omume a na-emepụtakwa acetic acid na carbon oxides n'ihi mmeghachi omume n'akụkụ.

Dị ka nyocha Pingtou Ge si kwuo, isi ihe na teknụzụ usoro oxidation acrylic acid dabere na nhọrọ nke ihe ndị na-akpalite.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ụlọ ọrụ ndị nwere ike ịnye teknụzụ acrylic acid site na propylene oxidation gụnyere Sohio na United States, Japan Catalyst Chemical Company, Mitsubishi Chemical Company na Japan, BASF na Germany, na Japan Chemical Technology.

Usoro Sohio dị na United States bụ usoro dị mkpa maka ịmepụta acrylic acid site na propylene oxidation, nke e ji n'otu oge na-ewebata propylene, ikuku, na mmiri vapo n'ime usoro abụọ ejikọrọ ihe ndina ihe ndina, na iji Mo Bi na Mo-V multi-component metal. oxides dị ka ihe na-akpata, n'otu n'otu.N'okpuru usoro a, mkpụrụ otu ụzọ nke acrylic acid nwere ike iru ihe dịka 80% (molar ratio).Uru nke usoro Sohio bụ na usoro reactors abụọ nwere ike ịbawanye ndụ nke ihe na-akpata, ruo afọ 2.Agbanyeghị, usoro a nwere ọghọm na enweghị ike nwetaghachi propylene na-emebeghị.

Usoro BASF: Ebe ọ bụ na njedebe 1960, BASF nọ na-eme nchọpụta banyere mmepụta nke acrylic acid site na propylene oxidation.Usoro BASF na-eji Mo Bi ma ọ bụ Mo Co na-akwalite mmeghachi omume propylene oxidation, na otu ụzọ mkpụrụ nke acrolein enwetara nwere ike iru ihe dịka 80% (molar ratio).N'ikpeazụ, n'iji Mo, W, V, na Fe, acrolein na-eme ka ọ bụrụ oxidized gaa na acrylic acid, na-enwe oke otu ụzọ nke ihe dịka 90% (molar ratio).Ndụ na-akpali akpali nke usoro BASF nwere ike iru afọ 4 na usoro ahụ dị mfe.Otú ọ dị, usoro a nwere ihe ndọghachi azụ dị ka isi ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ dị elu, ihicha ngwá ọrụ ugboro ugboro, na nnukwu ike oriri.

Usoro ihe na-eme ka ndị Japan: A na-ejikwa igwe reactors abụọ edoziri n'usoro yana usoro nkewa ụlọ elu asaa dabara adaba.Nzọụkwụ mbụ bụ ịbanye n'ime element Co n'ime Mo Bi catalyst dị ka mmeghachi omume mmeghachi omume, wee jiri Mo, V, na Cu composite metal oxides dị ka isi ihe na-eme ka ọ dị na reactor nke abụọ, nke silica na lead monoxide kwadoro.N'okpuru usoro a, mkpụrụ otu ụzọ nke acrylic acid bụ ihe dịka 83-86% (oke molar).Usoro ihe na-eme ka ndị Japan na-anakwere otu igwe na-ahụ maka ihe ndina kwụkọtara ọnụ yana sistemu nkewa ụlọ elu 7, nwere ihe na-eme ka ọ dị elu, mkpụrụ n'ozuzu ya dị elu, yana obere ume ike.Usoro a bụ ugbu a otu n'ime usoro mmepụta ihe kachasị elu, yana usoro Mitsubishi na Japan.

(3)Ọnọdụ ugbu a na usoro mmepe nke teknụzụ Butyl Acrylate

Butyl acrylate bụ mmiri mmiri na-enweghị agba nke na-enweghị isi na mmiri, enwere ike ịgwakọta ya na ethanol na ether.Ekwesịrị ịchekwa ogige a n'ụlọ nkwakọba ihe dị jụụ yana ikuku.A na-eji Acrylic acid na esters eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe.Ọ bụghị naanị na a na-eji ha na-emepụta monomers dị nro nke acrylate solvent based and lotion based adhesives, kamakwa enwere ike ime hopolymerized, copolymerized na graft copolymerized ka ọ bụrụ polymer monomers ma jiri ya mee ihe dị ka etiti njikọ organic.

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, usoro mmepụta nke butyl acrylate na-agụnye mmeghachi omume nke acrylic acid na butanol na ọnụnọ nke toluene sulfonic acid iji mepụta butyl acrylate na mmiri.Mmeghachi omume esterification na-etinye aka na usoro a bụ mmeghachi omume na-agbanwe agbanwe, na isi ihe na-esi na acrylic acid na butyl acrylate ngwaahịa dị ezigbo nso.Ya mere, ọ na-esiri ike ikewapụ acid acrylic site na iji distillation, na acrylic acid na-emeghị eme enweghị ike ịmegharị ya.

A na-akpọ usoro a butyl acrylate esterification method, nke sitere na Jilin Petrochemical Engineering Research Institute na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ metụtara ya.Teknụzụ a etoola nke ukwuu, yana njikwa oriri nke otu maka acrylic acid na n-butanol dị oke ọnụ, nwee ike ijikwa oriri otu n'ime 0.6.Ọzọkwa, nkà na ụzụ a enwetalarị imekọ ihe ọnụ na ịnyefe.

(4)Ọnọdụ ugbu a na usoro mmepe nke teknụzụ CPP

A na-eme ihe nkiri CPP site na polypropylene dị ka isi akụrụngwa site na usoro nhazi kpọmkwem dị ka T-ụdị nkedo extrusion ọnwụ.Ihe nkiri a nwere oke okpomọkụ na-eguzogide ma, n'ihi na ọ dị ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa ngwa, nwere ike ịmepụta ezigbo ire ụtọ na nghọta.Ya mere, maka ngwa nkwakọ ngwaahịa na-achọ ihe doro anya dị elu, ihe nkiri CPP bụ ihe kachasị mma.Ihe kachasị eji ihe nkiri CPP eme ihe bụ nkwakọ ngwaahịa nri, yana mmepụta nke mkpuchi aluminom, nkwakọ ngwaahịa ọgwụ, na ichekwa mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri.

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, usoro mmepụta ihe nkiri CPP na-abụkarị nkedo extrusion.Usoro mmepụta a nwere ọtụtụ extruders, ndị na-ekesa ọwa ọtụtụ (nke a na-akpọkarị "Feeders"), isi ọnwụ nke T-ụdị, usoro nkedo, usoro traction kwụ ọtọ, oscillators, na usoro ikuku.The isi e ji mara nke a mmepụta usoro bụ ezi elu glossiness, elu flatness, obere ọkpụrụkpụ ndidi, ezi n'ibu ndọtị arụmọrụ, ezi mgbanwe, na ezi nghọta nke na-emepụta mkpa film ngwaahịa.Ọtụtụ ndị na-emepụta CPP zuru ụwa ọnụ na-eji usoro nkedo co extrusion maka mmepụta, na teknụzụ akụrụngwa tozuru oke.

Kemgbe etiti 1980s, China amalitela iwebata akụrụngwa mmepụta ihe nkiri nke mba ofesi, mana ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ihe owuwu nwere otu ma so na ọkwa mbụ.Mgbe ịbanye na 1990s, China webatara ahịrị mmepụta ihe nkiri multi-layer co polymer cast sitere na mba ndị dị ka Germany, Japan, Italy na Austria.Ngwá ọrụ na teknụzụ ndị a na-ebubata bụ isi ike nke ụlọ ọrụ ihe nkiri nke China.Ndị na-eweta akụrụngwa gụnyere Bruckner nke Germany, Bartenfield, Leifenhauer, na Orchid nke Austria.Kemgbe 2000, China ewebatala ahịrị mmepụta dị elu, yana akụrụngwa emepụtara n'ime ụlọ enwewokwa mmepe ngwa ngwa.

Otú ọ dị, e jiri ya tụnyere mba elu larịị, a ka nwere ụfọdụ ọdịiche na akpaaka larịị, erikpu akara extrusion usoro, akpaka anwụ isi ukpụhọde akara film ọkpụrụkpụ, online onu ihe mgbake usoro, na akpaka winding nke ụlọ nkedo film akụrụngwa.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ndị na-eweta akụrụngwa maka teknụzụ ihe nkiri CPP gụnyere Bruckner nke Germany, Leifenhauser, na Lanzin nke Austria, n'etiti ndị ọzọ.Ndị na-ebubata mba ọzọ a nwere uru dị ukwuu n'ihe gbasara akpaaka na akụkụ ndị ọzọ.Otú ọ dị, usoro ugbu a na-ama nnọọ tozuru okè, na mmelite ọsọ nke ngwá technology bụ ngwa ngwa, na e nwere ihu ọma ọ dịghị ụzọ maka imekọ ihe ọnụ.

(5)Ọnọdụ dị ugbu a na usoro mmepe nke teknụzụ Acrylonitrile

Propylene amonia oxidation technology bụ ugbu a ụzọ mmepụta azụmahịa maka acrylonitrile, na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị niile na-emepụta acrylonitrile na-eji BP (SOHIO) eme ihe.Otú ọ dị, e nwekwara ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-enye ihe ike ịhọrọ site, dị ka Mitsubishi Rayon (nke bụbu Nitto) na Asahi Kasei si Japan, Ascend Performance Material (nke bụbu Solutia) si United States, na Sinopec.

Ihe karịrị 95% nke osisi acrylonitrile n'ụwa niile na-eji teknụzụ propylene amonia oxidation (nke a makwaara dị ka usoro sohio) nke BP malitere ma mepụta ya.Nkà na ụzụ a na-eji propylene, amonia, ikuku, na mmiri eme ihe dị ka akụrụngwa, na-abanyekwa na reactor n'otu akụkụ.N'okpuru ọrụ nke phosphorus molybdenum bismuth ma ọ bụ antimony iron catalysts na-akwado na silica gel, acrylonitrile na-emepụta na okpomọkụ nke 400-500.℃na nrụgide ikuku.Mgbe ahụ, mgbe usoro nkwụsịtụ, absorption, mmịpụta, dehydrocyanation, na usoro distillation, a na-enweta ngwaahịa ikpeazụ nke acrylonitrile.Mkpụrụ nke otu ụzọ nke usoro a nwere ike iru 75%, na ngwaahịa ndị a gụnyere acetonitrile, hydrogen cyanide, na ammonium sulfate.Usoro a nwere uru mmepụta mmepụta ihe kachasị elu.

Kemgbe 1984, Sinopec abanyela na INEOS nkwekọrịta ogologo oge ma nye ya ikike iji teknụzụ acrylonitrile nke INEOS nwere patent na China.Mgbe ọtụtụ afọ nke mmepe gasịrị, Sinopec Shanghai Petrochemical Research Institute emebela nke ọma ụzọ teknụzụ maka propylene amonia oxidation iji mepụta acrylonitrile, wee wuo akụkụ nke abụọ nke ọrụ Sinopec Anqing nke 130000 ton acrylonitrile.Ejiri ọrụ a rụọ ọrụ nke ọma na Jenụwarị 2014, na-abawanye ikike mmepụta kwa afọ nke acrylonitrile site na tọn 80000 ruo tọn 210000, na-aghọ akụkụ dị mkpa nke isi mmepụta acrylonitrile nke Sinopec.

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ụlọ ọrụ zuru ụwa ọnụ nwere ikike maka teknụzụ propylene amonia oxidation gụnyere BP, DuPont, Ineos, Asahi Chemical, na Sinopec.Usoro mmepụta a tozuru oke ma dị mfe ịnweta, China enwetawokwa mpaghara nke teknụzụ a, na arụmọrụ ya adịghị ala na teknụzụ mmepụta mba ọzọ.

(6)Ọnọdụ ugbu a na mmepe mmepe nke teknụzụ ABS

Dabere na nyocha ahụ, a na-ekewa ụzọ usoro nke ngwaọrụ ABS ka ọ bụrụ usoro grafting lotion na usoro buru ibu na-aga n'ihu.Emepụtara resin ABS dabere na ngbanwe nke resin polystyrene.Na 1947, ụlọ ọrụ rọba America nakweere usoro ngwakọta iji nweta mmepụta mmepụta nke ABS resin;N'afọ 1954, ụlọ ọrụ BORG-WAMER dị na United States mepụtara ude mmiri polymerized ABS resin ma nweta mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.Ọdịdị nke ude mmiri na-akwalite mmepe ngwa ngwa nke ụlọ ọrụ ABS.Kemgbe 1970s, teknụzụ usoro mmepụta nke ABS abanyela n'oge mmepe dị ukwuu.

Usoro nhazi nke ude mmiri bụ usoro mmepụta dị elu, nke gụnyere usoro anọ: njikọ nke butadiene latex, njikọ nke polymer graft, njikọ nke styrene na acrylonitrile polymers, na ngwakọta ọgwụgwọ post-ọgwụgwọ.Usoro a kapịrị ọnụ gụnyere nkeji PBL, ngalaba grafting, SAN unit, na ngwakọta ngwakọta.Usoro mmepụta a nwere ọkwa dị elu nke ntozu teknụzụ ma tinye ya n'ọrụ n'ụwa nile.

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, teknụzụ ABS tozuru oke sitere na ụlọ ọrụ ndị dị ka LG na South Korea, JSR na Japan, Dow na United States, New Lake Oil Chemical Co., Ltd. na South Korea, na Kellogg Technology na United States, niile. nke nwere ọkwa ntozu teknụzụ zuru ụwa ọnụ.Site na mmepe nke teknụzụ na-aga n'ihu, usoro mmepụta nke ABS na-emewanyewanye ma na-emewanyewanye mgbe niile.N'ọdịnihu, ndị na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, enyi na gburugburu ebe obibi, na usoro mmepụta ike na-echekwa ike nwere ike ịpụta, na-ebute ohere na ihe ịma aka na mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ kemịkal.

(7)Ọnọdụ teknụzụ na mmepe mmepe nke n-butanol

Dịka nlebanya siri kwuo, teknụzụ bụ isi maka njikọ nke butanol na octanol n'ụwa niile bụ usoro njikọ carbonyl dị ala na-arụ ọrụ mmiri-phase cyclic.Ihe ndị bụ isi maka usoro a bụ propylene na synthesis gas.N'ime ha, propylene na-esite na ntinye onwe ya agbakwunyere, yana oriri nke propylene n'etiti 0.6 na 0.62 tọn.A na-akwadokarị gas sịntetik site na gas iyuzucha ma ọ bụ gas sịntetik sitere na coal, yana otu ihe oriri n'etiti 700 na 720 cubic mita.

Nkà na ụzụ njikọ carbonyl dị ala nke Dow / David mepụtara - usoro mgbasa ozi nke mmiri mmiri nwere uru dị ka ọnụego mgbanwe propylene dị elu, ogologo ndụ ọrụ na-akpali akpali, na ibelata ikuku nke mkpofu atọ.Usoro a bụ teknụzụ mmepụta kachasị elu ugbu a, a na-ejikwa ya na ụlọ ọrụ butanol nke China na octanol.

N'iburu n'uche na teknụzụ Dow/David tozuru oke yana enwere ike iji ya na ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ, ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ ga-ebute teknụzụ a ụzọ mgbe ị na-ahọrọ itinye ego na owuwu nke butanol octanol nkeji, teknụzụ ụlọ na-esote.

(8)Ọnọdụ dị ugbu a na usoro mmepe nke teknụzụ Polyacrylonitrile

A na-enweta Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) site na polymerization free radical nke acrylonitrile ma bụrụ ihe dị mkpa n'etiti nkwadebe nke acrylonitrile fibers (acrylic fibers) na polyacrylonitrile nke carbon fibers.Ọ na-apụta n'ụdị ntụ ntụ na-acha ọcha ma ọ bụ ntakịrị odo, na-enwe okpomọkụ mgbanwe iko nke ihe dịka 90℃.Enwere ike gbazee ya na ihe mgbaze organic pola dị ka dimethylformamide (DMF) na dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), yana n'ime ihe ngwọta na-ekpo ọkụ nke nnu inorganic dị ka thiocyanate na perchlorate.Nkwadebe nke polyacrylonitrile na-agụnye ihe ngwọta polymerization ma ọ bụ mmiri ozuzo polymerization nke acrylonitrile (AN) na monomers na-abụghị ionic nke abụọ na ionic monomers nke atọ.

A na-ejikarị polyacrylonitrile emepụta fibers acrylic, nke bụ eriri sịntetị nke sitere na acrylonitrile copolymers na pasentị ihe karịrị 85%.Dị ka ihe mgbaze na-eji na mmepụta usoro, ha nwere ike dị iche dị ka dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethyl acetamide (DMAc), sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN), na dimethyl formamide (DMF).Isi ihe dị iche n'etiti ihe mgbaze dị iche iche bụ solubility ha na polyacrylonitrile, nke na-adịghị enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na usoro mmepụta polymerization kpọmkwem.Ke adianade do, dị ka dị iche iche comonomers, ha nwere ike kewara n'ime itaconic acid (IA), methyl acrylate (MA), acrylamide (AM), na methyl methacrylate (MMA), wdg Dị iche iche co monomers nwere dị iche iche mmetụta na kinetics na Njirimara ngwaahịa nke mmeghachi omume polymerization.

Usoro nchịkọta nwere ike ịbụ otu nzọụkwụ ma ọ bụ abụọ.Otu usoro nzọụkwụ na-ezo aka na polymerization nke acrylonitrile na comonomers na ọnọdụ ngwọta ozugbo, na ngwaahịa nwere ike ịkwadebe ya ozugbo n'ime ngwọta ntụgharị na-enweghị nkewa.Usoro nke abụọ na-ezo aka na nkwusioru polymerization nke acrylonitrile na comonomers na mmiri iji nweta polymer, nke kewapụrụ, na-asachapụ, mmiri na-ekpo ọkụ, na usoro ndị ọzọ iji mepụta ngwọta ntụgharị.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, usoro mmepụta polyacrylonitrile zuru ụwa ọnụ bụ otu ihe ahụ, yana ọdịiche dị na ụzọ polymerization downstream na co monomers.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ọtụtụ polyacrylonitrile fibers na mba dị iche iche gburugburu ụwa bụ ndị sitere na ternary copolymers, yana acrylonitrile na-aza 90% yana mgbakwunye nke monomer nke abụọ sitere na 5% ruo 8%.Ebumnuche nke ịgbakwụnye monomer nke abụọ bụ iji welie ike arụ ọrụ, ngbanwe, na udidi nke eriri, yana imeziwanye ọrụ ịcha akwa.Ụzọ ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe gụnyere MMA, MA, vinyl acetate, wdg. Ọnụ ego mgbakwunye nke monomer nke atọ bụ 0.3% -2%, n'ebumnobi nke iwebata ọnụ ọgụgụ ụfọdụ nke otu agba agba hydrophilic iji mee ka njikọ nke fibers na-esiji esiji, nke bụ. kewara n'ime otu cationic agba agba na otu acidic agba.

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, Japan bụ onye nnọchianya nke usoro zuru ụwa ọnụ nke polyacrylonitrile, mba ndị dị ka Germany na United States sochiri ya.Ụlọ ọrụ nnọchiteanya gụnyere Zoltek, Hexcel, Cytec na Aldila si Japan, Dongbang, Mitsubishi na United States, SGL si Germany na Formosa Plastics Group si Taiwan, China, China.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, teknụzụ usoro mmepụta ụwa nke polyacrylonitrile tozuru oke, ọ nweghịkwa ohere dị ukwuu maka mmelite ngwaahịa.