Phenolbụ ihe dị ezigbo mkpa organic kemịkalụ akụrụngwa, nke nwere ọtụtụ ihe eji eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ na mpaghara ndị ọzọ.N'isiokwu a, anyị ga-enyocha ma tụlee isi ngwaahịa nke phenol.

anyị kwesịrị ịma ihe bụ phenol.Phenol bụ ngwakọta hydrocarbon na-esi ísì ụtọ nwere usoro molekụla C6H6O.Ọ bụ crystalline siri ike na-enweghị agba ma ọ bụ na-acha ọcha nke nwere isi pụrụ iche.A na-ejikarị phenol eme ihe dị ka akụrụngwa maka imepụta ngwaahịa kemịkalụ dị iche iche, dị ka bisphenol A, resin phenolic, wdg. , eriri, ihe nkiri, wdg. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a na-ejikwa phenol dị ka ihe eji eme ihe maka mmepụta ọgwụ, pesticides, dyes, surfactants na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ.

Iji ghọta isi ngwaahịa nke phenol, anyị ga-ebu ụzọ nyochaa usoro mmepụta ya.A na-ekewa usoro mmepụta nke phenol ụzọ abụọ: nzọụkwụ mbụ bụ iji coal tar dị ka akụrụngwa iji mepụta benzene site na usoro carbonization na distillation;Nzọụkwụ nke abụọ bụ iji benzene dị ka akụrụngwa iji mepụta phenol site na usoro oxidation, hydroxylation na distillation.N'ime usoro a, a na-eme ka benzene oxidized na-emepụta phenolic acid, mgbe ahụ, phenolic acid na-emewanye ka ọ bụrụ phenol.Na mgbakwunye, enwere ụzọ ndị ọzọ maka imepụta phenol, dị ka mgbanwe mgbanwe nke mmanụ ala ma ọ bụ coal-tar gasification.

Mgbe anyị ghọtara usoro mmepụta nke phenol, anyị nwere ike nyochaa isi ngwaahịa ya.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ngwaahịa phenol kachasị mkpa bụ bisphenol A. Dịka e kwuru n'elu, a na-eji bisphenol A eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na mmepụta epoxy resin, plastic, fiber, film na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ.Na mgbakwunye na bisphenol A, e nwekwara ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ dị mkpa nke phenol, dị ka diphenyl ether, nylon 66 nnu, wdg. Diphenyl ether bụ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe dị ka ihe na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na nke dị elu na-arụ ọrụ plastik na ihe mgbakwunye na ụlọ ọrụ ngwá electronic;Enwere ike iji nnu naịlọn 66 mee ihe dị ka eriri dị elu na plastik injinia n'akụkụ dị iche iche dị ka igwe, ụgbọ ala na ikuku.

N'ikpeazụ, isi ngwaahịa phenol bụ bisphenol A, nke a na-ejikarị emepụta resin epoxy, plastic, fiber, film na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ.Na mgbakwunye na bisphenol A, e nwekwara ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ dị mkpa nke phenol, dị ka diphenyl ether na nylon 66 nnu.Iji gboo mkpa nke mpaghara dị iche iche nke ngwa, ọ dị mkpa iji nọgide na-emezi usoro mmepụta na àgwà ngwaahịa nke phenol na isi ngwaahịa ya.