N'ahịa ndị China, usoro mmepụta nke MMA etolitela ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ụdị isii, na usoro ndị a ka emepụtarala.Agbanyeghị, ọnọdụ asọmpi nke MMA dịgasị iche iche n'etiti usoro dị iche iche.

Ugbu a, enwere usoro mmepụta ihe atọ maka MMA:

Usoro acetone cyanohydrin (usoro ACH): Nke a bụ otu n'ime usoro mmepụta mmepụta ihe mbụ, yana teknụzụ tozuru oke yana ịrụ ọrụ dị mfe.

Usoro Ethylene carbonylation: Nke a bụ usoro mmepụta ọhụrụ nke nwere nrụpụta mmeghachi omume dị elu yana àgwà ngwaahịa.

Usoro oxidation nke isobutene (usoro C4): Nke a bụ usoro mmepụta dabere na oxidative dehydrogenation nke butene, nke nwere ngwa ngwa dị mfe na ọnụ ala.

Na ndabere nke usoro atọ ndị a, e nwere usoro mmepụta atọ ka mma dị ka ndị a:

Usoro ACH emelitere: Site n'ịkwalite ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume na akụrụngwa, emelitere mkpụrụ na ogo ngwaahịa.

Usoro ice acetic acid: Usoro a na-eji ice acetic acid eme ihe dị ka akụrụngwa, ọ dịghịkwa mwepu nke mkpofu atọ n'oge usoro mmepụta, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ enyi na gburugburu ebe obibi.

Usoro BASF na Lucite, nke aha ụlọ ọrụ nọchiri anya ya, enwetala nkwalite teknụzụ pụrụ iche dabere na njirimara nke ụlọ ọrụ ha dị iche iche, yana oke nkọwa na uru asọmpi.

Ka ọ dị ugbu a, usoro mmepụta isii ndị a enwetala mmepụta nke nkeji na nha 10000 tọn ma ọ bụ karịa na China.Otú ọ dị, asọmpi dị n'etiti usoro dị iche iche na-adịgasị iche iche n'ihi ihe ndị dị ka njirimara na ụgwọ nke ha.N'ọdịnihu, na ọganihu nke nkà na ụzụ na mmepe ahịa, ọnọdụ asọmpi nke usoro mmepụta ndị a nwere ike ịgbanwe.

N'otu oge ahụ, ọ dị mkpa ikwu na na September 2022, ụlọ ọrụ ngosi unit nke 10000 ton coal based methanol acetic acid ka methyl methacrylate (MMA) oru ngo n'adabereghị nke Institute of Process Engineering nke Chinese Academy of Sciences. malitere nke ọma ma rụọ ọrụ nke ọma, na ngwaahịa ndị ahụ ruru ọkọlọtọ.Ngwaọrụ a bụ methanol acetic acid nke mbụ sitere na coal n'ụwa gaa na ngwaọrụ ngosipụta ụlọ ọrụ MMA, na-enweta mgbanwe nke mmepụta methyl methacrylate sitere na ịdabere naanị na akụrụngwa mmanụ ala gaa na iji akụrụngwa sitere na coal.

N'ihi ngbanwe nke mpaghara asọmpi, ntinye na gburugburu ebe obibi nke ngwaahịa MMA agbanweela, ọnụahịa ọnụahịa na-egosi mgbanwe dị warara.N'ime afọ abụọ gara aga, ọnụ ahịa ahịa MMA kacha elu na China erutela 14014 yuan / ton, ọnụahịa kacha ala bụ ihe dịka 10000 yuan / ton.Ruo Ọgọst 2023, ọnụahịa ahịa MMA agbadala ruo 11500 yuan/ton.Ngwaahịa na-anọchite anya isi ala bụ PMMA, nke gosipụtara mgbanwe na-adịghị ike na ọnụ ahịa ahịa n'ime afọ abụọ gara aga, na ọnụahịa kachasị elu nke 17560 yuan / ton na ọnụahịa kacha nta nke 14625 yuan / ton.Ruo Ọgọst 2023, ọnụ ahịa ahịa PMMA nke China gbanwere na 14600 yuan/ton.Ekwesiri ighota na n'ihi n'eziokwu na ngwaahịa PMMA nke ulo bu nke kachasi n'etiti ahia di ala, onu ahia ahia di ala karia nke ahia ahia.

1.Na-atụleghị akụkụ acetic acid MMA, usoro mmepụta ethylene MMA enweela asọmpi kachasị ike n'ime afọ abụọ gara aga.

N'ime afọ abụọ gara aga, usoro mmepụta MMA sitere na ethylene nwere asọmpi kachasị ike na ahịa ndị China.Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ si kwuo, ọnụ ahịa mmepụta nke ethylene dabeere na MMA bụ nke kasị ala na asọmpi ya bụ nke kachasị ike.N'afọ 2020, ọnụ ahịa ethylene dabere na MMA bụ 5530 yuan kwa ton, ebe na Jenụwarị July 2023, nkezi ọnụ ahịa bụ naanị 6088 yuan kwa ton.N'ụzọ dị iche, usoro BASF nwere ọnụ ahịa mmepụta kachasị elu, yana ọnụ ahịa MMA nke 10765 yuan kwa ton na 2020 yana nkezi ọnụ ahịa 11081 yuan kwa ton site na Jenụwarị ruo Ọgọst 2023.

Mgbe ị na-enyocha asọmpi nke usoro mmepụta dị iche iche, anyị kwesịrị ịṅa ntị na ọdịiche dị na unit oriri nke akụrụngwa maka usoro dị iche iche.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, oriri akụrụngwa nke usoro ethylene bụ 0.35 ethylene, 0.84 methanol, na 0.38 gas synthesis, ebe usoro BASF bụ n'ezie usoro ethylene, mana oriri ethylene ya bụ 0.429, oriri methanol bụ 0.387, na mmepụta gas oriri bụ 0.387. 662 cubic mita.Ndịiche ndị a na-emetụta ụgwọ mmepụta na asọmpi nke usoro dị iche iche.

Dabere na atụmatụ ọnụahịa n'ime afọ ole na ole gara aga, ogo nke asọmpi MMA maka usoro dị iche iche bụ: usoro ethylene> Usoro C4> usoro ACH ka mma> Usoro ACH> Usoro Lucite> Usoro BASF.Ọdịiche dị na injinia ọha n'etiti usoro dị iche iche na-emetụta ọkwa a.

N'ọdịnihu, na ọganihu nke nkà na ụzụ na mmepe ahịa, ọdịdị asọmpi nke usoro dị iche iche nwere ike ịgbanwe.Karịsịa na-atụleghị ngwaọrụ acetic acid MMA, ethylene MMA na-atụ anya ka ọ nọgide na-ejigide uru asọmpi ya.

2.A na-atụ anya usoro acetic acid MMA ka ọ bụrụ usoro mmepụta kacha asọmpi

The Institute of Process Engineering nke Chinese Academy of Sciences nke ọma mepụtara ụwa mbụ coal dabeere methanol acetic acid MMA ulo oru ngosi osisi.Osisi ahụ na-ewere methanol na acetic acid dị ka akụrụngwa, na site na usoro nke aldol condensation, hydrogenation, wdg, na-achọpụta mmepụta MMA kwụsiri ike ogologo oge.Usoro a nwere ọganihu doro anya, ọ bụghị nanị na usoro ahụ dị mkpụmkpụ, kamakwa ihe ndị na-emepụta ihe na-esi na kol, nke nwere uru bara uru doro anya.Ke adianade do, Xinjiang Zhongyou Puhui Technology Co., Ltd. na-eme atụmatụ a nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ ulo oru echichi nke 110000 ton / afọ, nke ga-n'ihu kwalite upgrading na mmepe nke China MMA ụlọ ọrụ.E jiri ya tụnyere usoro mmepụta mmanụ ala nke ọdịnala MMA, usoro acetic acid dabere na MMA nwere mmekọrịta enyi na gburugburu ebe obibi yana uru akụ na ụba, a na-atụkwa anya na ọ ga-abụ ntụzịaka mmepe dị mkpa maka ụlọ ọrụ MMA n'ọdịnihu.

3.Enwere ọdịiche dị ịrịba ama na mmetụta ọnụ ahịa nke usoro dị iche iche

Enwere ọdịiche dị ịrịba ama na nha mmetụta ọnụ ahịa nke usoro mmepụta MMA dị iche iche, na nha mmetụta nke ihe dị iche iche na-akwụ ụgwọ dịgasị iche dabere na nkà na ụzụ usoro.

Maka ACH MMA, mgbanwe ọnụahịa nke acetone, methanol, na acrylonitrile nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ọnụ ahịa ya.N'ime ha, mgbanwe ọnụahịa nke acetone nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ụgwọ, na-eru 26%, ebe mgbanwe ọnụahịa nke methanol na acrylonitrile na-emetụta 57% na 18% nke ụgwọ, n'otu n'otu.N'ụzọ dị iche, ọnụ ahịa methanol bụ naanị ihe dịka 7%.Ya mere, n'ime ọmụmụ nke ọnụ ahịa uru nke ACH MMA, ọ dị mkpa ka a na-etinyekwu uche na mgbanwe ego nke acetone.

Maka usoro C4 MMA, isobutylene dị ọcha dị elu bụ ọnụ ahịa mgbanwe kachasị ukwuu, na-aza ihe dịka 58% nke ọnụ ahịa MMA.Methanol bụ ihe ruru 6% nke ọnụ ahịa MMA.Mgbanwe ọnụahịa nke isobutene nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ọnụahịa nke usoro C4 MMA.

Maka ethylene dabeere na MMA, otu oriri nke ethylene na-enweta ihe karịrị 85% nke ọnụ ahịa MMA nke usoro a, nke bụ isi ihe na-eri.Otú ọ dị, ekwesịrị iburu n'uche na ọtụtụ n'ime ethylene na-emepụta dị ka ngwá ọrụ na-akwado onwe ya, na nhazi nke ime ụlọ na-adaberekarị na nhazi ọnụahịa.Ya mere, ọkwa asọmpi nke ethylene nwere ike ọ gaghị adị elu dịka ọkwa asọmpi n'ezie.

Na nchịkọta, enwere ọdịiche dị ịrịba ama na mmetụta dị arọ nke ihe dị iche iche na-akwụ ụgwọ na usoro mmepụta MMA dị iche iche, na nyocha dị mkpa ka a na-eduzi dabere na teknụzụ usoro kpọmkwem.

4.Kedu usoro mmepụta MMA ga-enwe ọnụ ahịa kacha ala n'ọdịnihu?

N'okpuru ọnọdụ teknụzụ dị ugbu a, ọkwa asọmpi MMA na usoro dị iche iche n'ọdịniihu ga-enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu site na mgbanwe ọnụ ahịa akụrụngwa.Akụrụngwa ndị a na-eji n'ọtụtụ usoro mmepụta MMA gụnyere MTBE, methanol, acetone, sulfuric acid, na ethylene.Enwere ike ịzụta ma ọ bụ weta ngwaahịa ndị a n'ime, ebe gas sịntetik, ihe na-enye ike na ihe inyeaka, hydrocyanic acid, crude hydrogen, wdg bụ ndị a na-akwụ ụgwọ ka ọ bụrụ nke a na-enye onwe ya na ọnụahịa na-agbanwe agbanwe.

N'ime ha, ọnụ ahịa MTBE na-esochi mgbanwe mgbanwe nke ahịa mmanụ a nụchara anụcha, ọnụ ahịa mmanụ a nụchara anụcha nwekwara njikọ chiri anya na ọnụ ahịa mmanụ.N'ihe banyere echiche dị egwu maka ọnụ ahịa mmanụ n'ọdịnihu, a na-atụkwa anya na ọnụahịa MTBE ga-egosi ọganihu elu, na ihe a na-atụ anya elu dị elu dị ike karịa mmanụ mmanụ.Ọnụ ahịa methanol n'ahịa na-agbanwe na usoro nke ọnụ ahịa coal, a na-atụkwa anya na ọkọnọ n'ọdịnihu ga-anọgide na-abawanye nke ukwuu.Agbanyeghị, mmepe nke ụdị yinye ụlọ ọrụ ga-eduga n'ịbawanye ọnụego ojiji onwe onye na-agbada, yana ọnụahịa nke methanol ngwa ahịa n'ahịa a na-atụ anya na ọ ga-abawanye.

Mpaghara ọkọnọ na ihe achọrọ n'ahịa acetone na-akawanye njọ, na-egbochikwa ịrụ ọrụ ọhụrụ site na iji usoro ACH, mgbanwe ọnụ ahịa ogologo oge nwere ike ghara ịdị ike.A na-enyekarị Ethylene n'ime ma nwee asọmpi ọnụahịa siri ike.

Ya mere, dabere na ọnọdụ nkà na ụzụ dị ugbu a na mgbanwe mgbanwe nke ọnụahịa akụrụngwa, a ka nwere ụfọdụ ejighị n'aka nke usoro mmepụta MMA ga-enwe ọnụ ala kachasị ala n'ọdịnihu.Otú ọ dị, enwere ike ịhụ na n'ihe gbasara mmanụ na mmanụ ọkụ n'ọdịnihu na-abawanye, a na-atụkwa anya na ọnụahịa nke akụrụngwa dị ka methanol na MTBE ga-ebili, nke nwere ike inwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na ọkwa asọmpi nke MMA na usoro dị iche iche.Iji nọgide na-asọmpi, ndị na-emepụta ihe nwere ike ịchọ ụzọ ndị ọzọ na-enye ihe ọkụkụ na-esiwanye ike ma na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma, ebe ha na-ewusi njikarịcha na mmepụta nke usoro mmepụta ihe iji belata ọnụ ahịa mmepụta ma melite ogo ngwaahịa.

Nchịkọta

A na-atụ anya ọkwa asọmpi nke usoro MMA dị iche iche na China n'ọdịnihu ga-anọgide na-esi ike maka usoro ethylene, na-esote usoro ACH na-akwado akụkụ acrylonitrile, na usoro C4.Otú ọ dị, ekwesịrị ịmara na n'ọdịnihu, ụlọ ọrụ ga-etolite n'ụdị usoro mmepụta ihe, nke ga-abụ ụdị ọrụ kachasị asọmpi site na ngwaahịa dị ọnụ ala na ala na-akwado PMMA ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa kemịkalụ ndị ọzọ.

Ihe kpatara a na-atụ anya na usoro ethylene ga-anọgide na-esi ike bụ n'ihi na e nwere ethylene akụrụngwa ya siri ike, bụ nke na-akpata ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ọnụ ahịa mmepụta MMA.Agbanyeghị, ekwesịrị ịkọwapụta na a na-enye ọtụtụ ethylene n'ime, yana ọkwa asọmpi usoro ya nwere ike ọ gaghị adị elu dịka ọkwa asọmpi n'ezie.

Usoro ACH nwere asọmpi siri ike ma ọ bụrụ na ejikọtara ya na acrylonitrile unit, tumadi n'ihi na isobutylene dị ọcha dị ka isi ihe eji eme ihe na-akpata ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ụgwọ MMA, ebe usoro ACH nwere ike ịmepụta isobutylene dị ọcha dị ka ihe mmepụta ihe, si otú ahụ belata ụgwọ ọrụ. .

Asọmpi nke usoro dị ka usoro C4 adịghị ike, tumadi n'ihi nnukwu mgbanwe ọnụahịa nke akụrụngwa ya bụ isobutane na acrylonitrile, yana ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ala nke isobutane na ọnụ ahịa mmepụta MMA.

N'ozuzu, ụdị ọrụ kachasị asọmpi nke yinye ụlọ ọrụ MMA n'ọdịniihu ga-abụ maka ụlọ ọrụ ịzụlite n'ụdị yinye ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, site na ngwaahịa dị ọnụ ala na ala na-akwado PMMA ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa kemịkal ndị ọzọ.Nke a nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị ibelata ọnụ ahịa mmepụta ma melite asọmpi ngwaahịa, kamakwa ọ ka mma izute ahịa ahịa.