Urea, nke a makwaara dị ka urea ma ọ bụ carbamide, nwere usoro kemịkalụ CH4N2O ma ọ bụ CO (NH2) 2. Ọ bụ ihe mejupụtara ya bụ carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, na hydrogen, ma bụrụ kristal ọcha.Otu n'ime ihe ndị dị mfe organic ogige bụ isi nitrogen-nwere ngwaahịa ọgwụgwụ nke protein metabolism na ire ere na mammals na ụfọdụ azụ.Dị ka fatịlaịza na-anọpụ iche, urea dabara maka ala na osisi dị iche iche.Ọ dị mfe ichekwa, dị mfe iji, ma nwee mmetụta na-ebibi ihe na ala.Ọ bụ fatịlaịza nitrogen kemịkalụ nwere oke ojiji yana ọdịnaya nitrogen kachasị elu.A na-emepụta urea n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ site na iji amonia na carbon dioxide na ụlọ ọrụ.
Urea nwere ike iji acid mee ihe iji mepụta nnu.Ọ nwere hydrolysis.N'oge okpomọkụ dị elu, enwere ike ịme mmeghachi omume condensation iji mepụta biuret, triuret, na cyanuric acid.Kpoo ọkụ na 160 ℃ maka ire ere, na-emepụta gas amonia ma gbanwee ya n'ime isocyanate.N'ihi na ihe a dị na mmamịrị mmadụ, a na-akpọ ya urea.Urea nwere 46% nitrogen (N), nke bụ ọdịnaya nitrogen kachasị elu n'etiti fatịlaịza nitrogen siri ike.
Urea nwere ike hydrolyze iji mepụta amonia na carbon dioxide n'okpuru ọrụ nke acid, bases, na enzymes (acids na bases chọrọ ikpo ọkụ).
Maka enweghi ike ikpo ọkụ, kpo oku na 150-160 ℃ ga-adaba na biuret.Ọla kọpa sulfate na-emeghachi omume na biuret na agba odo odo ma nwee ike iji chọpụta urea.Ọ bụrụ na a na-ekpo ọkụ ngwa ngwa, ọ ga-abụ deammonized na trimeric iji mepụta ogige cyclic nke isii nwere, cyanuric acid.
Enwere ike imepụta acetylurea na diacetylurea site na iji acetyl chloride ma ọ bụ acetic anhydride meghachi omume.
N'okpuru ọrụ nke ethanol sodium, ọ na-emeghachi omume na diethyl malonate iji mepụta malonylurea (nke a makwaara dị ka barbituric acid, n'ihi acidity ya).
N'okpuru ọrụ nke ihe ndị na-akpata alkaline dị ka amonia, ọ nwere ike imeghachi omume na formaldehyde na condense n'ime urea formaldehyde resin.
Jiri hydrazine hydrate mee ihe iji mepụta aminourea.
-Arọ molekụla: 60.06 g/mol
-Njupụta: 768 kg/m3
- Ebe mgbaze: 132.7C
- Ọkụ na-agbaze: 5.78 ruo 6cal / gr
-ọkụ ọkụ: 2531 kalori / gram
- iru mmiri dị oke egwu (30 Celsius): 73%
- Ndekọ nnu nnu: 75.4
-Corrosiveness: Ọ na-emebi emebi na carbon steel, mana ọ na-emebi emebi na aluminum, zinc, na ọla kọpa.Ọ naghị emebi emebi na iko na ígwè pụrụ iche.
1. Ọ bụrụ na a na-echekwa urea n'ụzọ na-ekwesịghị ekwesị, ọ dị mfe ịmịkọrọ mmiri na nkwụsịtụ, na-emetụta àgwà mbụ nke urea ma na-akpata ụfọdụ ndị ọrụ ugbo na-efunahụ akụ na ụba.Nke a na-achọ ndị ọrụ ugbo ka ha chekwaa urea nke ọma.Tupu ojiji, ọ dị mkpa idobe akpa nkwakọ ngwaahịa urea.N'oge njem, a ga-eji nlezianya na-edozi ya, chebe ya pụọ na mmiri ozuzo, ma chekwaa ya n'ebe kpọrọ nkụ, nke ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ nke ọma na okpomọkụ n'okpuru 20 ℃.
2. Ọ bụrụ na a na-echekwa ya n'ọtụtụ buru ibu, a ga-eji ihe mgbochi osisi mee ihe n'ala ala ihe dịka 20 centimeters, ma ekwesịrị inwe oghere karịa 50 centimeters n'etiti elu na elu ụlọ iji mee ka ikuku na ikuku na-ekpo ọkụ.Ekwesịrị ịhapụ ụzọ n'etiti ngwugwu.Iji kwado nyocha na ventilashion.Ọ bụrụ na urea nke meghere emegheghị, ọ dị mkpa iji mechie ọnụ akpa ahụ n'oge kwesịrị ekwesị iji mee ka ọ dị mfe iji n'afọ ọzọ.
3. Zere kọntaktị na akpụkpọ ahụ na anya.
Fatịlaịza: A na-eji 90% nke urea emepụtara dị ka fatịlaịza.A na-agbakwunye ya na ala ma na-enye nitrogen maka osisi.A na-eji urea biuret dị ala (ihe na-erughị 0.03%) dị ka fatịlaịza foliar.Ọ bụ soluble na mmiri ma tinye ya na epupụta nke osisi, karịsịa mkpụrụ osisi na citrus.
Urea fatịlaịza nwere uru nke inye ọdịnaya nitrogen dị elu, nke dị mkpa maka metabolism nke osisi ma na-emetụta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ị ga na akwụkwọ ndị na-enweta ìhè maka photosynthesis.Na mgbakwunye, nitrogen dị na vitamin na protein, yana njikọ protein nke ọka.
A na-eji urea eme ihe n'ụdị dị iche iche.Fatịlaịza dị mkpa n'ihi na ala na-efunahụ ọtụtụ nitrogen mgbe owuwe ihe ubi.A na-eji ihe urea eme ihe na ala, nke kwesịrị ịrụ ọrụ nke ọma ma bụrụ ọgaranya na nje bacteria.Enwere ike ịme ngwa ahụ n'oge akuku ma ọ bụ na mbụ.Mgbe ahụ, urea na-agbaze ma mebie ya.
Ekwesịrị ịkpachara anya mgbe ị na-etinye urea n'ala nke ọma.Ọ bụrụ na a na-eji ya eme ihe n'elu, ma ọ bụ ọ bụrụ na etinyeghị ya n'ime ala site n'iji ya eme ihe kwesịrị ekwesị, mmiri ozuzo, ma ọ bụ ịgba mmiri, amonia ga-ekpochapụ na ọnwụ dị ezigbo mkpa.Enweghị nitrogen na osisi na-egosipụta na mbelata nke akwukwo akwukwo yana mbelata ọrụ photosynthetic.
Nri ahịhịa ahịhịa: Ịkọ ahịhịa ahịhịa bụ ihe ochie, mana n'ikwu ya n'ozuzu, iji nri ndị metụtara ala dị ntakịrị, ọkachasị n'ihe gbasara oke.Otú ọ dị, ụfọdụ ihe ndekọ nke mba ụwa na-egosi na iji urea urea dị ala nwere ike ibelata ọnụ ọgụgụ fatịlaịza a na-etinye n'ime ala na-emebighị arụmọrụ, nha, na àgwà mkpụrụ.Nnyocha egosila na iji obere urea fesa foliar na-arụ ọrụ dị ka ịgbasa ala.Na mgbakwunye na atụmatụ fatịlaịza dị mma, nke a na-akwado omume nke iji fatịlaịza na njikọ kemịkalụ ugbo ndị ọzọ.
Kemịkalụ na plastik: Urea dị na nrapado, rọba, resins, inks, ọgwụ, na ihe mmecha maka akwa, akwụkwọ na ọla.
Ihe mgbakwunye nri anụ ụlọ: A na-agwakọta urea n'ime nri ehi ma na-enye nitrogen, nke dị mkpa maka imepụta protein.
Mmepụta resin: Urea formaldehyde resin na resin ndị ọzọ nwere ngwa dị iche iche na ụlọ ọrụ, dị ka mmepụta plywood.A na-ejikwa ha eme ihe ịchọ mma na agba.
Chemwin nwere ike inye nnukwu hydrocarbons na ihe mgbaze kemịkalụ maka ndị ahịa ụlọ ọrụ.Tupu nke ahụ, biko gụọ ozi ndị a bụ isi gbasara ịzụ ahịa na anyị:
1. Nchekwa
Nchekwa bụ ihe kacha anyị mkpa.Na mgbakwunye na ịnye ndị ahịa ozi gbasara iji ngwaahịa anyị dị mma na gburugburu ebe obibi, anyị na-agbakwa mbọ hụ na ihe egwu nchekwa nke ndị ọrụ na ndị ọrụ ngo belatara n'obere ezi uche na enwere ike.Ya mere, anyị na-achọ ka onye ahịa hụ na a na-ezute ụkpụrụ nbudata na nchekwa nchekwa kwesịrị ekwesị tupu nnyefe anyị (biko rụtụ aka na mgbakwunye HSSE na usoro izugbe na ọnọdụ ahịa n'okpuru).Ndị ọkachamara HSSE anyị nwere ike ịnye ntụzịaka na ụkpụrụ ndị a.
2. Usoro nnyefe
Ndị ahịa nwere ike ịtụ ma wepụta ngwaahịa sitere na chemwin, ma ọ bụ ha nwere ike nweta ngwaahịa sitere na ụlọ ọrụ nrụpụta anyị.Ụdị njem dịnụ gụnyere gwongworo, ụgbọ okporo ígwè ma ọ bụ ụgbọ njem multimodal (ọnọdụ dị iche na-emetụta).
N'ihe gbasara ihe ndị ahịa chọrọ, anyị nwere ike ịkọwapụta ihe achọrọ nke ụgbọ mmiri ma ọ bụ ụgbọ mmiri ma tinye ụkpụrụ nchekwa / nyochaa pụrụ iche na ihe ndị a chọrọ.
3. Ọnụ ọgụgụ kacha nta
Ọ bụrụ na ịzụrụ ngwaahịa sitere na webụsaịtị anyị, ọnụọgụ kacha nta bụ tọn 30.
4. Ịkwụ ụgwọ
Usoro ịkwụ ụgwọ ọkọlọtọ bụ mwepu ozugbo n'ime ụbọchị 30 site na akwụkwọ ọnụahịa ahụ.
5. Akwụkwọ nnyefe
Enyere akwụkwọ ndị a na nnyefe ọ bụla:
Bill of Lading, CMR Waybill ma ọ bụ akwụkwọ njem ndị ọzọ dị mkpa
· Asambodo nyocha ma ọ bụ nkwenye (ọ bụrụ na achọrọ ya)
Akwụkwọ metụtara HSSE kwekọrọ n'ụkpụrụ
Akwụkwọ kọstọm kwekọrọ n'ụkpụrụ (ọ bụrụ na achọrọ ya)
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