Aha ngwaahịa:polyurethane

Ọdịdị molekụla ngwaahịa:

Njirimara kemịkalụ:

Ọ bụ Dr. Otto Bayer bụ nke mbụ mepụtara ma nyochaa polyurethane na 1937. Polyurethane bụ polymer nke ihe na-emeghachi ihe na-agụnye urethane moiety. Urethanes bụ ihe nrụpụta nke carbamic acid nke dị naanị n'ụdị esters ha[15]. Isi uru dị na PU bụ na ọ bụghị naanị carbon carbon mejupụtara yinye kama ọ bụ heteroatoms, oxygen, carbon na nitrogen[4]. Maka ngwa ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, a pụrụ iji ogige polyhydroxyl mee ihe. N'otu aka ahụ, enwere ike iji ogige nitrogen arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na njikọ amide. Site n'ịgbanwe ma gbanwee polyhydroxyl na polyfunctional nitrogen ogige, PU dị iche iche nwere ike ịmepụta [15]. A na-eji resin polyester ma ọ bụ polyether nwere otu hydroxyl na-emepụta polyesteror polyether-PU, n'otu n'otu[6]. Ọdịiche dị na ọnụọgụ ngbanwe na oghere dị n'etiti na n'ime ụdọ alaka ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta PU sitere na linear ruo na alaka na 9exible ruo siri ike. A na-eji PU Linear eme ihe maka imepụta eriri na ịkpụzi[6]. A na-eji PU na-agbanwe agbanwe na-emepụta ihe na-ejikọta ya na mkpuchi[5]. Plastic foamed na-agbanwe agbanwe na nke siri ike, nke mejupụtara ọtụtụ PU ndị emepụtara, nwere ike ịhụ n'ụdị dị iche iche na ụlọ ọrụ[7]. N'iji prepolymers dị ala molecular mass, enwere ike ịmepụta copolymers dị iche iche. Otu ọnụ hydroxyl na-enye ohere ka etinye ihe mgbochi ọzọ, nke a na-akpọ ngalaba, n'ime agbụ PU. Mgbanwe dị na ngalaba ndị a na-ebute ogo dị iche iche nke ike ike na nkwụ. A na-akpọ ihe mgbochi na-enye usoro kristal siri ike yana nke nwere eriri ndọtị dị ka akụkụ siri ike[7]. Ndị na-enye usoro rubbery amorphous nwere polyester/polyether ka a na-akpọ akụkụ dị nro. Azụmahịa, a na-akpọ polymers ngọngọ ndị a dị ka Pus nke kewara ekewa

Ngwa:

Polyurethane na-agbanwe agbanwe bụ usoro nhazi nke nwere thermoplasticity, nke nwere nkwụsi ike ka mma, nkwụsi ike nke kemịkalụ, nkwụsi ike na ihe eji arụ ọrụ karịa ụfụfụ PVC, na-enwe obere mgbanwe mkpakọ. Ọ nwere ezigbo mkpuchi ọkụ, mkpuchi ụda, nguzogide ujo na ihe na-egbu egbu. Ya mere, a na-eji ya dị ka nkwakọ ngwaahịa, ihe mkpuchi ụda na ihe nzacha. Plastic polyurethane siri ike bụ ìhè, mkpuchi ụda, mkpuchi ọkụ dị elu, nguzogide kemịkalụ, ezigbo ọkụ eletrik, nhazi dị mfe, na obere mmiri absorption. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe maka ihe owuwu, ụgbọ ala, ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ elu, mkpuchi okpomọkụ na mkpuchi ọkụ. Polyurethane elastomer arụmọrụ n'etiti rọba na roba, mmanụ na-eguzogide, eyi nguzogide, obere okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, ịka nká, ike siri ike, elasticity. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ na ụlọ ọrụ ahụike. Enwere ike ịme polyurethane ka ọ bụrụ nrapado, mkpuchi, akpụkpọ anụ sịntetik, wdg.