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Aha ngwaahịa:polyurethane

Ọdịdị molekụla ngwaahịa:

Njirimara kemịkalụ:

Ọ bụ Dr. Otto Bayer bụ nke mbụ mepụtara ma nyochaa polyurethane na 1937. Polyurethane bụ polymer nke ihe na-emeghachi ihe na-agụnye urethane moiety. Urethanes bụ ihe nrụpụta nke carbamic acid nke dị naanị n'ụdị esters ha[15]. Isi uru dị na PU bụ na ọ bụghị naanị carbon carbon mejupụtara yinye kama ọ bụ heteroatoms, oxygen, carbon na nitrogen[4]. Maka ngwa ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, a pụrụ iji ogige polyhydroxyl mee ihe. N'otu aka ahụ, enwere ike iji ogige nitrogen arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na njikọ amide. Site n'ịgbanwe ma na-agbanwe polyhydroxyl na polyfunctional nitrogen ogige, enwere ike ịmepụta PU dị iche iche[15]. A na-eji polyester ma ọ bụ polyether resins nwere otu hydroxyl iji mepụta polyesteror polyether-PU, n'otu n'otu[6]. Ọdịiche dị na ọnụọgụ ngbanwe na oghere dị n'etiti na n'ime ụdọ alaka ụlọ ọrụ na-emepụta PU sitere na linear ruo na alaka na 9exible ruo siri ike. A na-eji PU Linear eme ihe maka imepụta eriri na ịkpụzi[6]. A na-eji PU na-agbanwe agbanwe na-emepụta ihe na-ejikọta ya na mkpuchi[5]. Plastic foamed na-agbanwe agbanwe na nke siri ike, nke mejupụtara ọtụtụ PU ndị emepụtara, nwere ike ịhụ n'ụdị dị iche iche na ụlọ ọrụ[7]. N'iji prepolymers dị ala molecular mass, enwere ike ịmepụta copolymers dị iche iche. Otu ọnụ hydroxyl na-enye ohere ka etinye ihe mgbochi ọzọ, nke a na-akpọ ngalaba, n'ime agbụ PU. Mgbanwe dị na akụkụ ndị a na-ebute ogo dị iche iche nke ike ike na ngbanwe. A na-akpọ ihe mgbochi na-enye usoro kristal siri ike yana ihe ndọtị yinye dị ka akụkụ siri ike[7]. Ndị na-enye usoro rubbery amorphous nwere polyester/polyether ka a na-akpọ akụkụ dị nro. Azụmahịa, a na-akpọ polymers ngọngọ ndị a dị ka Pus nke kewara ekewa

Ngwa:

Polyurethane bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kachasị mma n'ụwa taa. Ọtụtụ ojiji ha sitere na ụfụfụ na-agbanwe agbanwe na arịa ụlọ elu, ruo ụfụfụ siri ike dị ka mkpuchi na mgbidi, elu ụlọ na ngwa na polyurethane thermoplastic eji na ngwaọrụ ahụike na akpụkpọ ụkwụ, na mkpuchi, nrapado, sealants na elastomers eji n'ala na ime ụgbọ ala [17,18]. ]. A na-eji polyurethanes eme ihe n'ime afọ iri atọ gara aga na ngwa dị iche iche n'ihi nkasi obi ha, uru ọnụ ahịa, nchekwa ike na ike gburugburu ebe obibi. Kedu ihe ụfọdụ na-eme ka polyurethane dị mma? Ịdị ogologo nke polyurethane na-enye aka nke ukwuu na ogologo ndụ nke ọtụtụ ngwaahịa. Mgbakwunye nke usoro ndụ ngwaahịa na nchekwa ihe onwunwe bụ ihe dị mkpa gburugburu ebe obibi na-emekarị ka nhọrọ nke polyurethane [19-21]. Polyurethanes (PUs) na-anọchi anya klaasị dị mkpa nke thermoplastic na thermoset polymers dị ka akụrụngwa ha, thermal, na kemịkalụ nwere ike ahaziri site na mmeghachi omume nke polyols dị iche iche na poly-isocyanates.