Kedu ihe eji plastik mee?
Dị ka ihe dị mkpa na ndụ ọgbara ọhụrụ, a na-eji plastik eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka nkwakọ ngwaahịa, ngwá electronic, ụgbọala, na ihe owuwu. Kedu ihe eji plastik mee? Nke a gụnyere n'ezie sayensị mgbagwoju anya nke polymers na ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ. A na-eme plastik site na ụdị sịntetik dị iche iche ma ọ bụ polymer synthetic dị iche iche, a na-edozikwa akụrụngwa polymer ndị a site na usoro kpọmkwem n'ime ihe ndị anyị maara kwa ụbọchị. N'okpuru ebe a, anyị ga-enyocha n'ụzọ zuru ezu ihe mejupụtara plastik na usoro nke nkwadebe ha.
1. Ihe ndị bụ isi nke plastik: polymers
Kedu ihe e ji plastik mee? Azịza nke etiti bụ polymers. A polima bụ agbụ nke ụmụ irighiri ihe dị elu mejupụtara ọnụ ọgụgụ dị ukwuu nke monomers ugboro ugboro jikọtara ya na mmeghachi omume polymerisation. Ihe ndị a na-emekarị na-agụnye polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) na polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Ụdị plastik dị iche iche na-egosipụta ihe dị iche iche nke anụ ahụ na nke kemịkal dabere na ụdị monomer eji, usoro nke polymerisation na usoro ihe omimi.

Polyethylene (PE): polymerized sitere na ethylene monomer, nke a na-ejikarị eme akpa rọba, ihe nkiri nkwakọ ngwaahịa, wdg.
Polypropylene (PP): polymerisation nke propylene monomer, nke nwere ezigbo nguzogide okpomọkụ, nke a na-ejikarị na mkpuchi karama plastik, arịa ụlọ.
Polystyrene (PS): polymerized site na styrene monomer, transperent na mfe ịmepụta, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na-emepụta ihe ndị a na-atụfu ihe, ihe nkwakọba ihe.

2. Ihe mgbakwunye eji eme ihe na-emepụta plastik
Na mgbakwunye na polymers, plastik nwere ihe mgbakwunye dị iche iche nke a na-eji eme ka ihe onwunwe ha dịkwuo mma ma ọ bụ belata ụgwọ ọrụ. Ihe mgbakwunye ndị a gụnyere antioxidants, plasticizers, stabilizers, ndị na-agba agba, ndị na-ejuputa na ihe ndị ọzọ. Ụdị na ọnụọgụ nke ihe mgbakwunye na-emetụta kpọmkwem njirimara anụ ahụ na ojiji nke plastik.

Plasticisers: mụbaa mgbanwe nke plastik ma mee ka ọ dị mfe ịhazi na ịkpụzi. A na-ejikarị emeputa PVC.
Antioxidants: gbochie plastic ịka nká n'ihi oxidation n'oge mmepụta na ojiji, ma melite ogologo oge ya.
Fillers: dị ka calcium carbonate, talcum ntụ ntụ, na-eme ka ike na nkwụsi ike nke plastic, na-ebelata mmepụta ihe.

3. Usoro mmepụta plastik: mmeghachi omume polymerisation na teknụzụ ịkpụzi
A na-ekewa mmepụta nke plastik na ụzọ abụọ: mmeghachi omume polymerisation na ịkpụzi. A na-atụgharị monomers ka ọ bụrụ polymer site na mmeghachi omume kemịkal. Dabere na usoro nke polymerisation, enwere ike kewaa ya na polymerisation free radical, polymerisation anionic, cationic polymerisation na copolymerisation. Na-esote, a na-edozi polymer n'ime ngwaahịa nke ọdịdị a chọrọ site n'ịkpụzi injection, extrusion, ịfụ ụfụ na usoro ndị ọzọ.

Ịkpụzi ịgba ọgwụ: A na-apịnye rọba a wụrụ ọkụ n'ọkụ ka ọ bụrụ ihe akpụzi, nke a na-ejikarị emepụta ngwaahịa rọba a na-eji kwa ụbọchị.
Extrusion: Plastic na-ekpo ọkụ wee kpụrụ ya site na extrusion, kwesịrị ekwesị maka ịme ngwaahịa na-aga n'ihu dị ka ọkpọkọ na ihe nkiri.
Ịkpụ akpụ akpụ: A na-akpụzi plastik a wụrụ awụ ma na-akpụpụta ngwaahịa ndị nwere oghere dị ka karama.

4. Mmepe mmepe nke eco-friendly plastics
Site na mmụba nke mmata gburugburu ebe obibi, ndị mmadụ ewepụtala ihe ndị chọrọ gburugburu ebe obibi maka mmepụta na iji plastik mee ihe. Plastics ndị na-emebi emebi, plastik bio-based na plastik emegharịrị na-aghọ ụzọ ọhụrụ nke mmepe.

Plastics na-emebi emebi: dị ka polylactic acid (PLA), nwere ike jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ mee ka ọ bụrụ carbon dioxide na mmiri na gburugburu ebe obibi.
Plastics biobased: polymers sitere na akụrụngwa osisi, dị ka ọka na okpete, enwetara site na mgbanwe ndu.
Plastics a na-emegharịgharị: site n'ịmegharị ngwaahịa plastik ochie, site na nhazi nke nhicha, ngwepịa na imezigharị, a na-eji ha ọzọ mepụta ngwaahịa ọhụrụ.

Mmechi
Site na nyocha nke dị n'elu, anyị nwere ike ịza ajụjụ ahụ nke ọma nke "Gịnị bụ ihe eji eme plastik": a na-emekarị plastik nke polymers sịntetik na ihe mgbakwunye dị iche iche, nke a na-edozi site na usoro nhazi dị iche iche. Site na ọganihu nke sayensị na nkà na ụzụ, mmepe nke plastik na-emetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-agbanwe ndabere anyị na-adabere na plastik omenala, na ịkwalite mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ plastik na ntụziaka na-adịgide adịgide.