Isi nkọwa nkePhenol
Phenol, nke a makwaara dị ka carbolic acid, bụ kristal na-enweghị agba nke nwere isi dị iche. N'ebe okpomọkụ dị n'ime ụlọ, phenol bụ ihe siri ike na ntakịrị soluble na mmiri, ọ bụ ezie na solubility ya na-abawanye na okpomọkụ dị elu. N'ihi ọnụnọ nke otu hydroxyl, phenol na-egosipụta adịghị ike acidity. Ọ nwere ike ionize nke ọma na ngwọta mmiri, na-akpụ phenoxide na ion hydrogen, na-ekewa ya dị ka acid na-adịghị ike.
Njirimara chemical nke phenol
1. Acidity:
Phenol dị acidic karịa bicarbonate ma ọ dị obere acidic karịa carbonic acid, na-enyere ya aka imeghachi omume na ntọala siri ike na ngwọta mmiri na-emepụta nnu. Ọ kwụsiri ike na gburugburu acidic, nke na-agbasawanye ngwa ngwa ya n'okpuru ọnọdụ ndị dị otú ahụ.
2. Nkwụsi ike:
Phenol na-egosi nkwụsi ike dị mma n'okpuru ọnọdụ acidic. Agbanyeghị, na gburugburu ebe ndị siri ike, ọ na-enweta hydrolysis iji mepụta nnu na mmiri phenoxide. Nke a na-eme ka ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na sistemu mmiri.
3. Mmetụta nduzi Ortho/Para:
Otu hydroxyl dị na phenol na-eme ka mgbanaka benzene rụọ ọrụ site na resonance na mmetụta inductive, na-eme ka mgbanaka ahụ dịkwuo mfe na mmeghachi omume nnọchi electrophilic dị ka nitration, halogenation, na sulfonation. Mmeghachi omume ndị a bụ isi na njikọ organic metụtara phenol.
4. Mmeghachi omume enweghị oke:
N'okpuru ọnọdụ oxidative, phenol na-enweta enweghị nha iji mepụta benzoquinone na ogige phenolic ndị ọzọ. Mmeghachi omume a dị mkpa na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe maka ijikọ ụdị phenol dị iche iche.
Mmeghachi omume Chemical nke Phenol
1. Mmeghachi omume nnọchi:
Phenol na-enweta mmeghachi omume ngbanwe dị iche iche ngwa ngwa. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ na-emeghachi omume na ngwakọta nke sulfuric acid gbadoro anya na nitric acid na-emepụta nitrophenol; na halogens iji mepụta phenols halogenated; yana sulfuric anhydride iji mepụta sulfonates.
2. Mmeghachi omume Oxidation:
Phenol nwere ike oxidized ka benzoquinone. A na-eji mmeghachi omume a eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na njikọ nke agbaji na ọgwụ.
3. Mmeghachi omume Condensation:
Phenol na-emeghachi omume na formaldehyde n'okpuru ọnọdụ acid iji mepụta resin phenol-formaldehyde. A na-eji ụdị resin a eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe n'imepụta plastik, nrapado, na ihe ndị ọzọ.
Ngwa nke phenol
1. ọgwụ:
A na-eji phenol na ihe nrụpụta ya eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, phenolphthalein bụ ihe na-egosi acid-base, na phenytoin sodium bụ ihe mgbochi. Phenol na-ejekwa ozi dị ka ihe mmalite na njikọ nke ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa ọgwụ.
2. Sayensị ihe onwunwe:
Na sayensị ihe, a na-eji phenol emepụta resins phenol-formaldehyde, nke a maara maka ike dị elu na nguzogide okpomọkụ. A na-ejikarị resin ndị a na-emepụta ihe mkpuchi, plastik, na nrapado.
3. Ihe mgbochi na ihe nchekwa:
N'ihi njirimara antimicrobial ya, a na-eji phenol eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka ihe na-egbu egbu na ihe nchekwa. A na-eji ya na ntọala ahụike maka disinfection elu yana na ụlọ ọrụ nri maka nchekwa. N'ihi nsi ya, a ga-eji phenol na njikwa siri ike nke itinye uche na usoro onunu ogwu.
Ihe gbasara gburugburu na nchekwa
N'agbanyeghị ngwa ya sara mbara na ụlọ ọrụ na ndụ kwa ụbọchị, phenol nwere ike ibute ma gburugburu ebe obibi yana ahụike mmadụ. Mmepụta na ojiji ya nwere ike imetọ mmiri na ala, na-emetụta gburugburu ebe obibi na-adịghị mma. Ya mere, a ga-emerịrị usoro nchekwa siri ike mgbe a na-ejikwa ma na-echekwa phenol iji belata mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi. Maka ụmụ mmadụ, phenol na-egbu egbu ma nwee ike ime ka akpụkpọ anụ na akpụkpọ anụ mucous, ma ọ bụ ọbụna mebie usoro nhụjuanya nke etiti.
Phenol bụ ihe dị mkpa organic ogige mara maka akụrụngwa kemịkalụ pụrụ iche yana ngwa dị iche iche. Site na ọgwụ ruo na sayensị akụrụngwa, phenol na-arụ ọrụ dị oke mkpa na mpaghara dị iche iche. Site na mmata gburugburu ebe obibi na-eto eto, ịmepụta ụzọ ndị ọzọ dị nchebe na ibelata mmetụta gburugburu phenol aghọwo ihe mgbaru ọsọ dị mkpa.
Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọmụtakwuoma ọ bụ nwee ajụjụ ndị ọzọ gbasara phenol, nweere onwe gị ịga n'ihu na-enyocha ma na-ekwurịta isiokwu a.
Oge nzipu: Mee-13-2025
