Ojiji nke Hydrochloric Acid: Nyocha zuru oke na mkparịta ụka nke mpaghara ngwa
Hydrochloric acid (usoro kemịkalụ: HCl) bụ kemịkalụ dị mkpa a na-ejikarị na ụlọ ọrụ. Dị ka acid siri ike, enweghị agba ma ọ bụ ntakịrị odo, hydrochloric acid ọ bụghị nanị na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ụlọ ọrụ kemịkal, ma a na-ejikwa ya n'ọtụtụ ebe ndị ọzọ. N'isiokwu a, anyị na-elebakwu anya na isi ojiji nke hydrochloric acid ga-enyere gị aka ịghọta nke ọma uru kemịkal a.
1. Ngwa nke hydrochloric acid na chemical ụlọ ọrụ
a. Maka pickling
Otu n'ime ngwa hydrochloric acid a na-ahụkarị bụ ịchịkọta elu igwe. N'oge a na-emepụta ígwè, a na-eji hydrochloric acid wepụ ígwè oxides na ihe ndị ọzọ na-adịghị ọcha n'elu igwe, si otú ahụ na-eme ka ịdị ọcha na njedebe elu nke ígwè ahụ dịkwuo mma. Nguzogide corrosion nke ígwè na-eme ka usoro a dịkwuo mma, na-eme ka ọ dịkwuo mma maka nhazi na-esote.
b. Ọrụ nke hydrochloric acid na njikọ organic
Na njikọ organic, a na-ejikarị hydrochloric acid mee ihe dị ka ihe na-akpali ma ọ bụ mmeghachi omume mmeghachi omume. Ngwakọta nke ọtụtụ ogige organic enweghị ikewapụ na ntinye aka nke hydrochloric acid, dị ka nkwadebe nke hydrocarbons chlorinated na njikọ nke ogige aromatic. Hydrochloric acid, dị ka ihe ngwọta mmiri nke hydrogen chloride, nwere ike inye ion chloride nke ọma, si otú a na-eme ka mmeghachi omume kemịkal dị mfe.
2. Mkpa hydrochloric acid na ọgwụgwọ mmiri
a. nhazi pH
A na-ejikarị hydrochloric acid iji mezie uru pH nke mmiri na usoro ọgwụgwọ mmiri. Site n'ịgbakwụnye hydrochloric acid na nha kwesịrị ekwesị, alkalinity nke mmiri nwere ike belata ma gbanwee ka ọ bụrụ pH kwesịrị ekwesị. Ojiji a dị mkpa karịsịa na ọgwụgwọ mmiri mkpofu ụlọ ọrụ na ịsacha mmiri ọ drinkingụ drinkingụ iji hụ na ogo mmiri na-agbaso ụkpụrụ nchekwa.
b. Mwepụ nke ọnụ ọgụgụ na sedimenti
A na-ejikwa hydrochloric acid mee ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe iji hichaa ọnụ ọgụgụ na nkwụnye ego n'ime igwe ọkụ, condensers na ngwa ndị ọzọ. Nkwụnye ego ndị a nwere ike imetụta ọrụ nnyefe ọkụ nke ngwá ọrụ na ọbụna na-eduga ná mmebi akụrụngwa. Site na ịgbasa calcium carbonate na nkwụnye ego ndị ọzọ na hydrochloric acid, ndụ ọrụ nke akụrụngwa nwere ike ịgbatị nke ọma ma nwee ike belata ụgwọ ọrụ mmezi.
3. Ngwa nke hydrochloric acid na ụlọ ọrụ nri
a. Jiri na nhazi nri
A na-ejikarị hydrochloric acid na ụlọ ọrụ nri maka imepụta ihe mgbakwunye nri na ụtọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na mmepụta nke monosodium glutamate (MSG) na sugar starch, a na-eji hydrochloric acid mee ihe na usoro hydrolysis iji meziwanye ịdị ọcha na ịdị mma nke ngwaahịa ahụ. A na-ejikwa hydrochloric acid na-ahazi pH nke ụfọdụ ihe oriri iji meziwanye uto na ihe nchekwa ha.
b. Mgbochi nri na nhicha
A na-ejikarị hydrochloric acid dị ka onye na-ehicha ihe na nhazi nri iji kpochapụ ngwa na arịa na-edozi nri. Acidity ya siri ike nwere ike igbu nje bacteria na microorganisms ndị ọzọ na-emerụ ahụ nke ọma iji hụ na ịdị ọcha na nchekwa nri.
4. A na-eji hydrochloric acid eme ihe na ụlọ nyocha
a. Ngwa dị ka reagent
Hydrochloric acid bụ reagent nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na ụlọ nyocha. Enwere ike iji ya maka titration acid-base, mgbasa nke nlele, na ọdịda na nkewa nke ọla. Ọtụtụ nyocha kemịkalụ na mmeghachi omume sịntetik na ụlọ nyocha na-adabere na ntinye aka nke hydrochloric acid iji hụ na ọganiihu nke nnwale.
b. Ndozi nke ntinye uche ngwọta
A na-ejikwa hydrochloric acid na-achịkwa ntinye nke ngwọta ma na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa karịsịa na nnwale ndị chọrọ uru pH kpọmkwem. N'ihi ọdịdị ngwọta ya kwụsiri ike, hydrochloric acid bụ ngwá ọrụ dị mkpa maka njikwa ziri ezi nke gburugburu mmeghachi omume kemịkal na nnwale.
Nchịkọta
Enwere ike ịhụ site na nyocha nke dị n'elu na a na-eji hydrochloric acid eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe dị ka ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ, nri na ọgwụgwọ mmiri n'ihi acidity siri ike na nnukwu mmeghachi omume. Hydrochloric acid na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ọgwụgwọ ịhịa aka nchara, njikọ organic, ọgwụgwọ mmiri, nhazi nri na reagents ụlọ nyocha. Ya mere, nghọta miri emi na ihe ọmụma banyere ojiji nke hydrochloric acid dị oké mkpa maka ndị na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ ndị metụtara ya.
Ma na mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ nyocha ụlọ nyocha, ojiji dị iche iche nke hydrochloric acid na-eme ka ọ bụrụ otu n'ime kemịkalụ dị mkpa. Site na nyocha zuru ezu n'isiokwu a, ekwenyere m na ị nwetala nghọta zuru oke banyere ojiji nke hydrochloric acid.