Kedu ihe bụ usoro Cumene?
Usoro Cumene bụ otu n'ime isi ụzọ maka mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihephenol(C₆H₅OH). Usoro a na-eji cumene dị ka akụrụngwa iji mepụta phenol site na hydroxylation n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ. N'ihi teknụzụ ya tozuru oke, ọnụ ala dị ala, yana ogo ngwaahịa dị elu, a na-etinye usoro cumene maka mmepụta phenol n'ọtụtụ ebe na ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ.
Edemede a ga-enyocha ụkpụrụ na usoro nke mmepụta phenol site na usoro cumene n'ụzọ zuru ezu, na-enyere ndị na-agụ akwụkwọ aka ịghọta nke ọma teknụzụ mmepụta kemịkal a dị mkpa.
Ụkpụrụ mmeghachi omume nke Usoro Cumene
Isi mmeghachi omume na mmepụta phenol site na usoro cumene bụ hydroxylation nke cumene. Ụkpụrụ bụ isi bụ na otu hydroxyl nọchiri anya otu methyl dị na molecule cumene ka ọ bụrụ phenol.
Kpọmkwem, cumene (C₆H₅CH (CH₃)₂) na-emeghachi omume na sulfuric acid concentrated (H₂SO₄) n'okpuru kpo oku iji mepụta p-isopropylphenol (C₆H₅C(OH)H (CH₅C(OH)H(CH₅)₂) na obere ngwaahịa sulfate. N'ikpeazụ, p-isopropylphenol na-agbanwe na phenol (C₆H₅OH) site na mmeghachi omume hydrolysis. Ngụkọta kemịkalụ n'ozuzu maka mmeghachi omume bụ ndị a:
C₆H₅CH(CH₃)₂ + H₂SO₄ → C₆H₅C(OH)H(CH₃)₂ + HSO₄⁻
C₆H₅C(OH)H(CH₃)₂ + 3H₂O → 2C₆H₅OH + CH₄
Enwere ike ịhụ site na mmeghachi omume ndị a dị n'elu na igodo nke usoro cumene dị na mmeghachi omume hydroxylation n'okpuru ọnọdụ acidic na mmeghachi omume hydrolysis na-esote. Sulfuric acid na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali n'ime usoro ahụ dum.
Usoro usoro nke usoro Cumene
Enwere ike kewaa usoro a kapịrị ọnụ maka mmepụta phenol site na usoro cumene n'ime usoro ndị a bụ isi:
1. Nkwadebe na nhazi ihe eji eme ihe
Nzọụkwụ mbụ na mmepụta phenol site na usoro cumene bụ nkwadebe na nhazi nke akụrụngwa. Cumene, bụ isi akụrụngwa nke usoro a, kwesịrị ka ebu ụzọ sachaa ya site na distillation iji hụ na ịdị ọcha ya ruru karịa 99%. A na-eji sulfuric acid concentrated (na-enwekarị mkpokọta 98%) dị ka ihe na-akpali akpali, na-ekere òkè dị mkpa na mmeghachi omume ahụ. Iji meziwanye mmeghachi omume mmeghachi omume, a na-agbakwunye ntakịrị mmiri na cumene iji kwalite mgbasa nke sulfuric acid na ọganihu nke mmeghachi omume.
2. Hydroxylation mmeghachi omume
N'oge mmeghachi omume hydroxylation, a na-agwakọta cumene na sulfuric acid gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ na reactor wee kpoo ọkụ ruo 100-130 Celsius. N'okpuru ọnọdụ acidic, ìgwè methyl dị na molecule cumene na-enweta hydroxylation iji mepụta p-isopropylphenol na sulfate site-products. Mmeghachi omume a bụ mmeghachi omume exothermic, yana ọ dị mkpa ka a na-achịkwa okpomọkụ mmeghachi omume na ọsọ na-akpali akpali iji hụ na ịdị n'otu na nkwụsi ike nke mmeghachi omume ahụ.
3. Mmeghachi omume Hydrolysis
Mgbe emechara mmeghachi omume hydroxylation, ngwaahịa ahụ kwesịrị ịmalite mmeghachi omume hydrolysis, nke ebumnuche ya bụ ịtụgharị p-isopropylphenol ka ọ bụrụ phenol. N'oge a, a na-agbakwunye nnukwu mmiri na ngwakọta mmeghachi omume, nke mere na p-isopropylphenol na-enweta mmeghachi omume hydrolysis na mmiri iji mepụta phenol na methane gas.
4. Neutralization na nkewa
Mgbe emechara mmeghachi omume hydrolysis, nnukwu ego nke sulfuric acid na ngwaahịa sulfate dị na sistemụ. Iji kpochapụ ihe ndị a acidic, a na-agbakwunye ihe alkaline (dị ka sodium hydroxide ma ọ bụ calcium hydroxide) maka mmeghachi omume nkwụsịtụ, na-emepụta sulfates soluble na mmiri. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, phenol na-ekewapụ ya na ngwaahịa site na nkewa stratification ma ọ bụ teknụzụ distillation.
5. Nnụcha na ịdị ọcha
A na-ewepụ ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha na phenol crude site na usoro nchacha dị ka distillation iji nweta ngwaahịa phenol dị ọcha. N'oge usoro nnụcha, ọ dịkwa mkpa ka a na-achịkwa ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume nke ọma iji hụ na ịdị mma na ịdị ọcha nke phenol ruru ụkpụrụ ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.
Uru na Ngwa nke Usoro Cumene
Usoro cumene maka mmepụta phenol nwere uru ndị a dị ịrịba ama:
Ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume dị nro:Tụnyere usoro mmepụta phenol ọdịnala, usoro cumene nwere ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume dị nro yana usoro mmepụta dị nchebe.
Isi mmalite akụrụngwa bara ụba:Enwere ike nweta Cumene site na ngwaahịa refinery, na-ebute ọnụ ahịa akụrụngwa dị ala.
Ịdị ọcha ngwaahịa dị elu:Site na njikwa usoro ziri ezi, ịdị ọcha na ịdị mma nke phenol nwere ike iru ọkwa dị elu.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-eji phenol emepụtara site na usoro cumene n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ichepụta ngwaahịa kemịkalụ dị iche iche dị ka resin phenolic, resin epoxy na naịlọn, na-achọ ahịa ahịa na-aga n'ihu.
Nchịkọta
Usoro cumene maka mmepụta phenol bụ usoro mmepụta nke ọma na nke akụ na ụba, na isi ya bụ hydroxylation nke cumene na mmeghachi omume hydrolysis na-esote. Site na usoro dị ka nkwadebe akụrụngwa, mmeghachi omume hydroxylation, mmeghachi omume hydrolysis, ọgwụgwọ neutralization, na nnụcha na ịdị ọcha, enwere ike nweta ngwaahịa phenol dị ọcha.
Site na mmụba na-aga n'ihu nke ụwa niile maka ngwaahịa kemịkal, teknụzụ nke mmepụta phenol site na usoro cumene ga-aga n'ihu na-emeziwanye, na-enye nkwado dị mkpa maka mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị metụtara ya.
Oge nzipu: Jun-23-2025
